Use on wings: Some aircraft do indeed use highly cambered airfoils. Those are more stubby and enjoy much narrower variations in flow conditions, so the highly cambered, thin airfoil is indeed the best choice here. Note that indeed thin, highly cambered airfoils are used on compressors and turbines in jet engines. In off-design points (i.e., most of the time) the propeller would have poor performance when compared with one which tolerates more diverse conditions. Of course you can pre-twist the blade so it will assume the correct shape in the desired operating point, but a propeller needs to work over a wide range of operating points, from take-off roll to high speed flight at altitude.
First propeller use: A highly cambered airfoil would cause high pitching moments and twist the propeller blade.
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